As the population in the United States (U.S.) ages and life spans increase, the incidence and prevalence of major diseases and disorders are expected to significantly impact the healthcare industry.  Major diseases in the U.S.––from acquired immune deficiency syndrome and reproductive disorders to cancer and cardiovascular disease––can take their toll in terms of lost days from work, Medicare and Medicaid expenditures, and out-of-pocket costs. 

This dynamic report from Medtech Insight examines the etiology and epidemiology of the most prevalent and costly diseases and disorders in the U.S. including acute and chronic skin wounds, blood disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and disorders, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, metabolic diseases and disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, ophthalmologic diseases, neurologic and psychiatric diseases and disorders, reproductive and genitourinary disorders, and respiratory diseases and disorders. 

In addition to the proprietary data from Medtech Insight’s internal resources that are utilized in this report, many governmental and nonprofit organizations have provided data and hospital discharge information including the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the National Institutes of Health. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. ACUTE AND CHRONIC SKIN WOUNDS

1.1 Factors Affecting Wound Closure

1.1.1 Intrinsic Factors

1.1.1.1 Body Build

1.1.1.2 Chronic Illness and Age

1.1.1.3 Nutrition

1.1.2 Extrinsic Factors

1.1.2.1 Desiccation

1.1.2.2 Hydration

1.1.2.3 Infection

1.1.2.4 Maceration

1.1.2.5 Medications and Other Treatment Modalities

1.1.2.6 Necrotic Tissue and Debris

1.1.2.7 Oxygen

1.1.2.8 Stress

1.1.2.9 Temperature

1.1.2.10 Wound Creation and Depth

1.1.2.11 Wound Closure Techniques

1.1.2.12 Other Extrinsic Factors

1.1.3 Complications of Wound Healing

1.1.3.1 Scarring

1.1.3.2 Bleeding

1.2 Major Wound Types

1.2.1 Illness-Related Wounds

1.2.1.1 Etiology

1.2.1.1.1 Arterial Ulcers

1.2.1.1.2 Diabetic Ulcers

1.2.1.1.3 Venous Ulcers

1.2.1.2 Epidemiology

1.2.2 Pressure Ulcers

1.2.2.1 Etiology

1.2.2.2 Epidemiology

1.2.3 Surgical Wounds

1.2.3.1 Etiology

1.2.3.2 Epidemiology

1.2.4 Traumatic Wounds

1.2.4.1 Etiology

1.2.4.1.1 Amputations

1.2.4.1.2 Burns

1.2.4.1.3 Lacerations, Contusions, and Abrasions

1.2.4.2 Epidemiology

2. BLOOD DISORDERS

2.1 Anemia

2.1.1 Iron-Deficiency Anemia

2.1.1.1 Etiology

2.1.1.2 Epidemiology

2.1.2 Sickle Cell Anemia

2.1.2.1 Etiology

2.1.2.2 Epidemiology

2.1.3 Thalassemia

2.1.3.1 Etiology

2.1.3.2 Epidemiology

2.2 Hemophilia

2.2.1 Etiology

2.2.2 Epidemiology

3. CANCER

3.1 Incidence and Prevalence

3.1.1 Mortality Rate

3.1.2 The Cost of Cancer

3.2 Specific Cancer Types

3.2.1 Bladder Cancer

3.2.1.1 Etiology

3.2.1.2 Epidemiology

3.2.2 Breast Cancer

3.2.2.1 Etiology

3.2.2.2 Epidemiology

3.2.3 Bronchus and Lung Cancer

3.2.3.1 Etiology

3.2.3.2 Epidemiology

3.2.4 Cervical/Uterine Cancer

3.2.4.1 Etiology

3.2.4.2 Epidemiology

3.2.5 Colon/Rectal Cancer

3.2.5.1 Etiology

3.2.5.2 Epidemiology

3.2.6 Leukemia

3.2.6.1 Etiology

3.2.6.2 Epidemiology

3.2.7 Lymphoma

3.2.7.1 Etiology

3.2.7.2 Epidemiology

3.2.8 Nervous System Cancer

3.2.8.1 Etiology

3.2.8.2 Epidemiology

3.2.9 Oral Cancer

3.2.9.1 Etiology

3.2.9.2 Epidemiology

3.2.10 Ovarian Cancer

3.2.10.1 Etiology

3.2.10.2 Epidemiology

3.2.11 Pancreatic Cancer

3.2.11.1 Etiology

3.2.11.2 Epidemiology

3.2.12 Prostate Cancer

3.2.12.1 Etiology

3.2.12.2 Epidemiology

3.2.13 Skin Cancer

3.2.13.1 Etiology

3.2.13.2 Epidemiology

4. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND DISORDERS

4.1 Cardiovascular Diseases

4.1.1 Atherosclerosis

4.1.1.1 Coronary Atherosclerosis

4.1.1.1.1 Etiology

4.1.1.1.2 Epidemiology

4.1.1.2 Peripheral Vascular Disease

4.1.1.2.1 Etiology

4.1.1.2.2 Epidemiology

4.1.2 Congestive Heart Failure

4.1.2.1 Etiology

4.1.2.2 Epidemiology

4.1.3 Hypercholesterolemia

4.1.3.1 Etiology

4.1.3.2 Epidemiology

4.1.4 Hypertension

4.1.4.1 Etiology

4.1.4.2 Epidemiology

4.1.5 Ischemic Heart Disease

4.1.5.1 Angina Pectoris

4.1.5.1.1 Etiology

4.1.5.1.2 Epidemiology

4.1.5.2 Myocardial Infarction

4.1.5.2.1 Etiology

4.1.5.2.2 Epidemiology

4.2 Pacing Disorders

4.2.1 Arrhythmias

4.2.1.1 Etiology

4.2.1.2 Epidemiology

4.2.1.3 Tachycardias

4.2.1.3.1 Etiology

4.2.1.3.2 Epidemiology

4.2.2 Sudden Cardiac Death

4.2.2.1 Etiology

4.2.2.2 Epidemiology

4.3 Valvular Heart Disease

4.3.1 Etiology

4.3.1.1 Insufficiency

4.3.1.2 Stenosis

4.3.2 Epidemiology

5. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

5.1 Etiology

5.2 Disease Progression

5.3 Epidemiology

6. METABOLIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS

6.1 Cholelithiasis

6.1.1 Etiology

6.1.2 Epidemiology

6.2 Chronic Kidney Disease

6.2.1 Etiology

6.2.2 Epidemiology

6.3 Diabetes Mellitus

6.3.1 Etiology

6.3.2 Epidemiology

6.4 End-Stage Renal Disease

6.4.1 Etiology

6.4.2 Epidemiology

6.5 Urolithiasis

6.5.1 Etiology

6.5.2 Epidemiology

7. MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES

7.1 Arthritis

7.1.1 Osteoarthritis

7.1.1.1 Etiology

7.1.1.2 Epidemiology

7.1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis

7.1.2.1 Etiology

7.1.2.2 Epidemiology

7.2 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

7.2.1 Etiology

7.2.2 Epidemiology

7.3 Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

7.3.1 Etiology

7.3.2 Epidemiology

7.4 Osteoporosis

7.4.1 Etiology

7.4.2 Epidemiology

8. NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS

8.1 Neurologic Diseases and Disorders

8.1.1 Alzheimer’s Disease

8.1.1.1 Etiology

8.1.1.2 Epidemiology

8.1.2 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

8.1.2.1 Etiology

8.1.2.2 Epidemiology

8.1.3 Cerebrovascular Diseases

8.1.3.1 Arteriovenous Malformation

8.1.3.1.1 Etiology

8.1.3.1.2 Epidemiology

8.1.3.2 Cerebral Aneurysm

8.1.3.2.1 Etiology

8.1.3.2.2 Epidemiology

8.1.3.3 Stroke

8.1.3.3.1 Etiology

8.1.3.3.2 Epidemiology

8.1.4 Epilepsy

8.1.4.1 Etiology

8.1.4.2 Epidemiology

8.1.5 Huntington’s Disease

8.1.5.1 Etiology

8.1.5.2 Epidemiology

8.1.6 Hydrocephalus

8.1.6.1 Etiology

8.1.6.2 Epidemiology

8.1.7 Multiple Sclerosis

8.1.7.1 Etiology

8.1.7.2 Epidemiology

8.1.8 Myasthenia Gravis

8.1.8.1 Etiology

8.1.8.2 Epidemiology

8.1.9 Parkinson’s Disease

8.1.9.1 Etiology

8.1.9.2 Epidemiology

8.2 Psychiatric Disorders

8.2.1 Bipolar Disorder

8.2.1.1 Etiology

8.2.1.2 Epidemiology

8.2.2 Depression

8.2.2.1 Etiology

8.2.2.2 Epidemiology

8.2.3 Schizophrenia

8.2.3.1 Etiology

8.2.3.2 Epidemiology

9. OPHTHALMOLOGIC DISEASES

9.1 Cataracts

9.1.1 Etiology

9.1.2 Epidemiology

9.2 Glaucoma

9.2.1 Etiology

9.2.2 Epidemiology

10. REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS

10.1 Female Reproductive Disorders

10.1.1 Endometriosis

10.1.1.1 Etiology

10.1.1.2 Epidemiology

10.1.2 Infertility

10.1.2.1 Etiology

10.1.2.2 Epidemiology

10.2 Male Reproductive Disorders

10.2.1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

10.2.1.1 Etiology

10.2.1.2 Epidemiology

10.2.2 Erectile Dysfunction

10.2.2.1 Etiology

10.2.2.2 Epidemiology

10.2.3 Infertility

10.2.3.1 Etiology

10.2.3.2 Epidemiology

10.3 Urinary Incontinence

10.3.1 Etiology

10.3.2 Epidemiology

11. RESPIRATORY DISEASES AND DISORDERS

11.1 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

11.1.1 Etiology

11.1.2 Epidemiology

11.2 Apnea

11.2.1 Sleep Apnea

11.2.1.1 Etiology

11.2.1.2 Epidemiology

11.2.2 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

11.2.2.1 Etiology

11.2.2.2 Epidemiology

11.3 Asthma

11.3.1 Etiology

11.3.2 Epidemiology

11.4 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

11.4.1 Chronic Bronchitis

11.4.1.1 Etiology

11.4.1.2 Epidemiology

11.4.2 Emphysema

11.4.2.1 Etiology

11.4.2.2 Epidemiology

11.5 Cystic Fibrosis

11.5.1 Etiology

11.5.2 Epidemiology

11.6 Infectious Diseases

11.6.1 Pneumonia

11.6.1.1 Etiology

11.6.1.2 Epidemiology

11.6.2 Tuberculosis

11.6.2.1 Etiology

11.6.2.2 Epidemiology

11.7 Pleural Disorders

11.7.1 Empyema

11.7.1.1 Etiology

11.7.1.2 Epidemiology

11.7.2 Pleural Effusion

11.7.2.1 Etiology

11.7.2.2 Epidemiology

11.7.3 Pneumothorax

11.7.3.1 Etiology

11.7.3.2 Epidemiology

11.8 Pulmonary Embolism

11.8.1 Etiology

11.8.2 Epidemiology

11.9 Respiratory Failure

11.9.1 Etiology

11.9.2 Epidemiology

11.10 Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases

11.10.1 Etiology

11.10.2 Epidemiology

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit 1-1:      Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Wound Closure

Exhibit 1-2:      Major Wound Types, by Causation

Exhibit 1-3:      Illness-Related Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 1-4:      Pressure Ulcers, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 1-5:      Surgical Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 1-6:      Amputations, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 1-7:      Burns, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 1-8:      Other Traumatic Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2003

Exhibit 1-9:      Classification of Burns, by Mechanism of Injury

Exhibit 2-1:      Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 2-2:      Sickle Cell Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 2-3:      Thalassemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 2-4:      Hemophilia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 2-5:      2003, Hemophilia, Demographic Characteristics

Exhibit 3-1:      2004, Cancer Incidence, by Site

Exhibit 3-2:      Hospital Discharge Statistics for Selected Cancers, by Site, 1996-2001

Exhibit 3-3:      2003, Cancer Prevalence, by Site and Gender

Exhibit 3-4:      Bladder Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-5:      Breast Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-6:      Bronchus and Lung Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-7:      Cervical Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-8:      Uterine Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-9:      Colon/Rectal Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-10:     Leukemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-11:     2004, Leukemia Incidence, by Type and Gender

Exhibit 3-12:     Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-13:     Hodgkin’s Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-14:     Nervous System Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-15:     Oral Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-16:     Ovarian Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-17:     Pancreatic Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-18:     Prostate Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 3-19:     Malignant Melanoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 4-1:      Coronary Atherosclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-2:      Peripheral Vascular Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-3:      Congestive Heart Failure, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-4:      Hypercholesterolemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-5:      Hypertension, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-6:      Angina Pectoris, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-7:      Myocardial Infarction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-8:      Arrhythmias, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-9:      Tachycardia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 4-10:     2003, Sudden Cardiac Death, Facts and Figures

Exhibit 4-11:     Valvular Heart Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 5-1:      Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 5-2:      2003, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Indicator Diseases

Exhibit 5-3:      Estimated Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cases, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and Region, 1999-2003

Exhibit 5-4:      Estimated Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and Region, 1999-2003

Exhibit 5-5:      Estimated Number of Deaths of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and Region, 1999-2003

Exhibit 5-6:      2003, Adults Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by Age and Gender

Exhibit 6-1:      Cholelithiasis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 6-2:      Chronic Kidney Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 6-3:      Diabetes, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 6-4:      2003, Diagnosed Diabetes Prevalence among Adults, by Age and Gender

Exhibit 6-5:      End-Stage Renal Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 6-6:      Urolithiasis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, 2003, and 2004

Exhibit 6-7:      Selected Predisposing Factors for Developing Kidney Stones

Exhibit 7-1:      Prevalence of Arthritis and Chronic Joint Symptoms, Patients Age 65 and Older, Selected Years, 2005-2030

Exhibit 7-2:      Osteoarthritis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 7-3:      Rheumatoid Arthritis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 7-4:      Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 7-5:      Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Injuries with Time Away from Work, 1994-2003

Exhibit 7-6:      Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 7-7:      2003, Incidence of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures, by Site

Exhibit 7-8:      Osteoporosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-1:      Alzheimer’s Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-2:      Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-3:      Arteriovenous Malformation, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-4:      Cerebral Aneurysm, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-5:      Stroke, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-6:      Epilepsy, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-7:      2003, Huntington’s Disease, Facts and Figures

Exhibit 8-8:      Hydrocephalus, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-9:      Multiple Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-10:     Myasthenia Gravis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-11:     Parkinson’s Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-12:     2003, Percentage of Adults Experiencing Serious Psychological Distress, by Age and Gender

Exhibit 8-13:     Bipolar Disorder, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-14:     Depression, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 8-15:     Schizophrenia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 9-1:      Economic Costs of Visual Disorders and Disabilities, 1981 and 2003

Exhibit 9-2:      Cataracts, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 9-3:      2003, Cataracts, Prevalence, by Age

Exhibit 9-4:      Glaucoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 9-5:      2003, Glaucoma, Prevalence, by Age

Exhibit 10-1:     Endometriosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 10-2:     Female Infertility, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 10-3:     Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 10-4:     Direct Expenditures for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, by Site of Service, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000

Exhibit 10-5:     Erectile Dysfunction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 10-6:     2003, Male Infertility, Facts and Figures

Exhibit 10-7:     Urinary Incontinence, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-1:     Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-2:     Sleep Apnea, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-3:     2003, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Facts and Figures

Exhibit 11-4:     Asthma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-5:     2004, Prevalence of Asthma, by Age Group and Gender

Exhibit 11-6:     2004, Prevalence of Asthma, by Age Group and Ethnicity

Exhibit 11-7:     Chronic Bronchitis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-8:     Emphysema, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-9:     Cystic Fibrosis, Facts and Figures, 1996 2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-10:   Pneumonia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-11:   Tuberculosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-12:   Tuberculosis Cases in the United States, 1992-2003

Exhibit 11-13:   2003, Tuberculosis Cases in the United States, by Ethnicity

Exhibit 11-14:   Pleural Disorders, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001

Exhibit 11-15:   Pulmonary Embolism, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-16:   Respiratory Failure, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Exhibit 11-17:   Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases, Facts and Figures, 1996-2001, and 2003

Copyright 2005, Medtech Insight, LLC