INTRODUCTION
1.
BLOOD DISORDERS
1.1 Anemia
1.1.1 Iron Deficiency Anemia
1.1.1.1 Etiology
1.1.1.2 Epidemiology
1.1.2 Sickle Cell Anemia
1.1.2.1 Etiology
1.1.2.2 Epidemiology
1.1.3 Thalassemia
1.1.3.1 Etiology
1.1.3.2 Epidemiology
1.2
Hemophilia
1.2.1 Etiology
1.2.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 1-1: Iron-Deficiency
Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 1-2: Sickle Cell
Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 1-3: Thalassemia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 1-4: Hemophilia, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 1-5: 2008, Hemophilia,
Selected Demographic Characteristics
2.
CANCER
2.1
Incidence and Prevalence
2.1.1 Mortality Rate
2.1.2 The Cost of Cancer
2.2 Cancer
Types
2.2.1 Bladder Cancer
2.2.1.1 Etiology
2.2.1.2 Epidemiology
2.2.2 Breast Cancer
2.2.2.1 Etiology
2.2.2.2 Epidemiology
2.2.3 Bronchial/Lung Cancer
2.2.3.1 Etiology
2.2.3.2 Epidemiology
2.2.4 Cervical/Uterine Cancer
2.2.4.1 Etiology
2.2.4.2 Epidemiology
2.2.5 Colon/Rectal Cancer
2.2.5.1 Etiology
2.2.5.2 Epidemiology
2.2.6 Leukemia
2.2.6.1 Etiology
2.2.6.2 Epidemiology
2.2.7 Lymphoma
2.2.7.1 Etiology
2.2.7.2 Epidemiology
2.2.8 Nervous System Cancer
2.2.8.1 Etiology
2.2.8.2 Epidemiology
2.2.9 Oral Cancer
2.2.9.1 Etiology
2.2.9.2 Epidemiology
2.2.10 Ovarian Cancer
2.2.10.1 Etiology
2.2.10.2 Epidemiology
2.2.11 Pancreatic Cancer
2.2.11.1 Etiology
2.2.11.2 Epidemiology
2.2.12 Prostate Cancer
2.2.12.1 Etiology
2.2.12.2 Epidemiology
2.2.13 Skin Cancer
2.2.13.1 Etiology
2.2.13.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 2-1: 2008, Cancer
Incidence, by Anatomic Site
Exhibit 2-2: Hospital
Discharge Statistics for Selected Cancers, by Anatomic Site, 1996-2005
Exhibit 2-3: 2004, Cancer
Prevalence, by Anatomic Site and Gender
Exhibit 2-4: Bladder Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-5: Breast Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-6: Bronchial/Lung
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-7: Cervical Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-8: Uterine Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-9: Colon/Rectal
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-10: Leukemia, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-11: 2008, Leukemia
Incidence, by Type and Gender
Exhibit 2-12: Non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-13: Hodgkin Lymphoma,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-14: Nervous System
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-15: Oral Cancer, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-16: Ovarian Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-17: Pancreatic Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-18: Prostate Cancer,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 2-19: Melanoma, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
3.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES/DISORDERS
3.1 Atherosclerosis
3.1.1 Coronary Atherosclerosis
3.1.1.1 Etiology
3.1.1.2 Epidemiology
3.1.2 Peripheral Vascular Disease
3.1.2.1 Etiology
3.1.2.2 Epidemiology
3.2 Heart
Failure
3.2.1 Etiology
3.2.2 Epidemiology
3.3
Hypercholesterolemia
3.3.1 Etiology
3.3.2 Epidemiology
3.4
Hypertension
3.4.1 Etiology
3.4.2 Epidemiology
3.5
Ischemic Heart Disease
3.5.1 Angina Pectoris
3.5.1.1 Etiology
3.5.1.2 Epidemiology
3.5.2 Myocardial Infarction
3.5.2.1 Etiology
3.5.2.2 Epidemiology
3.6 Pacing
Disorders
3.6.1 Arrhythmia
3.6.1.1 Etiology
3.6.1.2 Epidemiology
3.6.2 Sudden Cardiac Death
3.6.2.1 Etiology
3.6.2.2 Epidemiology
3.7
Valvular Heart Disease
3.7.1 Etiology
3.7.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 3-1: Coronary Atherosclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-2: Peripheral
Vascular Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-3: Heart Failure,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-4: Hypercholesterolemia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-5: Hypertension,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-6: Angina Pectoris, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 3-7: Myocardial
Infarction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-8: Arrhythmia, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-9: Tachycardia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 3-10: 2007, Sudden
Cardiac Death, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 3-11: Valvular Heart
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
4. GASTRIC AND METABOLIC
DISEASES/DISORDERS
4.1
Cholelithiasis
4.1.1 Etiology
4.1.2 Epidemiology
4.2
Chronic Kidney Disease
4.2.1 Etiology
4.2.2 Epidemiology
4.3
Diabetes
4.3.1 Etiology
4.3.2 Epidemiology
4.4
End-Stage Renal Disease
4.4.1 Etiology
4.4.2 Epidemiology
4.5
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
4.5.1 Etiology
4.5.2 Epidemiology
4.6 Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
4.6.1 Etiology
4.6.2 Epidemiology
4.7
Urolithiasis
4.7.1 Etiology
4.7.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 4-1: Cholelithiasis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-2: Chronic Kidney
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-3: Diabetes, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-4: 2007, Diabetes
Prevalence among Adults, by Age and Gender
Exhibit 4-5: End-Stage Renal
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2006
Exhibit 4-6: Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-7: Irritable Bowel
Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-8: 2008, Possible
Causes for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Exhibit 4-9: Urolithiasis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 4-10: Selected
Predisposing Factors for Developing Kidney Stones
5.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES/DISORDERS
5.1
Arthritis
5.1.1 Osteoarthritis
5.1.1.1 Etiology
5.1.1.2 Epidemiology
5.1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis
5.1.2.1 Etiology
5.1.2.2 Epidemiology
5.2 Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome
5.2.1 Etiology
5.2.2 Epidemiology
5.3
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
5.3.1 Etiology
5.3.2 Epidemiology
5.4 Osteoporosis
5.4.1 Etiology
5.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 5-1: Prevalence of
Arthritis and Chronic Joint Symptoms in Patients Age 65 and Older in 5-Year
Intervals, 2005-2030
Exhibit 5-2: Osteoarthritis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 5-3: Rheumatoid
Arthritis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 5-4: Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2006 and 2007
Exhibit 5-5: Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome, Cases with Time Away from Work, 1994-2006
Exhibit 5-6: Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 5-7: 2007, Incidence
of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures, by Site
Exhibit 5-8: Osteoporosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
6.
NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES/DISORDERS
6.1
Alzheimer’s Disease
6.1.1 Etiology
6.1.2 Epidemiology
6.2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
6.2.1 Etiology
6.2.2 Epidemiology
6.3
Cerebrovascular Diseases/Disorders
6.3.1 Arteriovenous Malformation
6.3.1.1 Etiology
6.3.1.2 Epidemiology
6.3.2 Cerebral Aneurysm
6.3.2.1 Etiology
6.3.2.2 Epidemiology
6.3.3 Stroke
6.3.3.1 Etiology
6.3.3.2 Epidemiology
6.4
Epilepsy
6.4.1 Etiology
6.4.2 Epidemiology
6.5
Huntington’s Disease
6.5.1 Etiology
6.5.2 Epidemiology
6.6
Hydrocephalus
6.6.1 Etiology
6.6.2 Epidemiology
6.7
Multiple Sclerosis
6.7.1 Etiology
6.7.2 Epidemiology
6.8
Myasthenia Gravis
6.8.1 Etiology
6.8.2 Epidemiology
6.9
Parkinson’s Disease
6.9.1 Etiology
6.9.2 Epidemiology
6.10
Psychiatric Disorders
6.10.1 Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder
6.10.1.1 Etiology
6.10.1.2 Epidemiology
6.10.2 Bipolar Disorder
6.10.2.1 Etiology
6.10.2.2 Epidemiology
6.10.3 Depression
6.10.3.1 Etiology
6.10.3.2 Epidemiology
6.10.4 Schizophrenia
6.10.4.1 Etiology
6.10.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 6-1: Alzheimer’s
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 6-2: Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2004, and 2007
Exhibit 6-3: Arteriovenous
Malformation, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-4: Cerebral
Aneurysm, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-5: Stroke, Facts and
Figures, 1996-2006, and 2008
Exhibit 6-6: Epilepsy, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2008
Exhibit 6-7: 2007,
Huntington’s Disease, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 6-8: Hydrocephalus,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-9: Multiple
Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-10: Myasthenia Gravis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-11: Parkinson’s
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-12: 2007, Percentage
of Adults Experiencing Serious Psychologic Distress, by Age and Gender
Exhibit 6-13: Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-14: Bipolar Disorder, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-15: Depression, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 6-16: Schizophrenia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
7.
OPHTHALMIC DISEASES/DISORDERS
7.1
Cataracts
7.1.1 Etiology
7.1.2 Epidemiology
7.2
Glaucoma
7.2.1 Etiology
7.2.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 7-1: Economic Costs of
Visual Disorders and Disabilities, 1981 and 2003
Exhibit 7-2: Cataracts, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 7-3: 2007, Cataracts,
Prevalence, by Age
Exhibit 7-4: Glaucoma, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 7-5: 2007, Glaucoma,
Prevalence, by Age
8.
REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY DISORDERS
8.1 Female
Reproductive Disorders
8.1.1 Endometriosis
8.1.1.1 Etiology
8.1.1.2 Epidemiology
8.1.2 Infertility
8.1.2.1 Etiology
8.1.2.2 Epidemiology
8.2 Male
Reproductive Disorders
8.2.1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
8.2.1.1 Etiology
8.2.1.2 Epidemiology
8.2.2 Erectile Dysfunction
8.2.2.1 Etiology
8.2.2.2 Epidemiology
8.2.3 Infertility
8.2.3.1 Etiology
8.2.3.2 Epidemiology
8.3
Urinary Incontinence
8.3.1 Etiology
8.3.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 8-1: Endometriosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 8-2: Female
Infertility, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 8-3: Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 8-4: Direct
Expenditures for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, by Site of Service, 1994, 1996,
1998, and 2000
Exhibit 8-5: Erectile
Dysfunction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 8-6: 2007, Male
Infertility, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 8-7: Types of Urinary
Incontinence
Exhibit 8-8: Urinary
Incontinence, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
9.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES/DISORDERS
9.1 Adult
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
9.1.1 Etiology
9.1.2 Epidemiology
9.2 Apnea
9.2.1 Sleep Apnea
9.2.1.1 Etiology
9.2.1.2 Epidemiology
9.2.2 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
9.2.2.1 Etiology
9.2.2.2 Epidemiology
9.3 Asthma
9.3.1 Etiology
9.3.2 Epidemiology
9.4
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
9.4.1 Chronic Bronchitis
9.4.1.1 Etiology
9.4.1.2 Epidemiology
9.4.2 Emphysema
9.4.2.1 Etiology
9.4.2.2 Epidemiology
9.5 Cystic
Fibrosis
9.5.1 Etiology
9.5.2 Epidemiology
9.6
Infectious Diseases
9.6.1 Pneumonia
9.6.1.1 Etiology
9.6.1.2 Epidemiology
9.6.2 Tuberculosis
9.6.2.1 Etiology
9.6.2.2 Epidemiology
9.7
Pleural Disorders
9.7.1 Empyema
9.7.1.1 Etiology
9.7.1.2 Epidemiology
9.7.2 Pleural Effusion
9.7.2.1 Etiology
9.7.2.2 Epidemiology
9.7.3 Pneumothorax
9.7.3.1 Etiology
9.7.3.2 Epidemiology
9.8
Pulmonary Embolism
9.8.1 Etiology
9.8.2 Epidemiology
9.9
Respiratory Failure
9.9.1 Etiology
9.9.2 Epidemiology
9.10
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
9.10.1 Etiology
9.10.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 9-1: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-2: Sleep Apnea,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-3: 2006, Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 9-4: Asthma, Facts and
Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-5: 2007, Prevalence
of Asthma, by Age Group and Gender
Exhibit 9-6: 2007, Prevalence
of Asthma, by Age Group and Ethnicity
Exhibit 9-7: Chronic
Bronchitis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2006
Exhibit 9-8: Emphysema, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2006
Exhibit 9-9: Cystic Fibrosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-10: Pneumonia, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-11: Tuberculosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-12: Tuberculosis Cases
in the United States, 1993-2007
Exhibit 9-13: 2007, Tuberculosis
Cases in the United States, by Ethnicity
Exhibit 9-14: Pleural Disorders, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005
Exhibit 9-15: Pulmonary
Embolism, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-16: Respiratory Failure, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 9-17: Restrictive
Pulmonary Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
10.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
10.1.
Genital Herpes
10.1.1 Etiology
10.1.2 Epidemiology
10.2 Human Immunodeficiency
Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
10.2.1 Etiology
10.2.2 Disease Progression
10.2.3 Epidemiology
Exhibit 10-1: Genital Herpes,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 10-2: Initial Physician
Visits for Genital Herpes, 1996-2006
Exhibit 10-3: Human
Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Facts and Figures,
1996-2005, and 2006
Exhibit 10-4: 2008, Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Indicator/Opportunistic Diseases
Exhibit 10-5: Estimated Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cases, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and Region,
2002-2006
Exhibit 10-6: Estimated Number of
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and
Region, 2002-2006
Exhibit 10-7: Estimated Number
of Deaths of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, by Age, Ethnicity,
Gender, and Region, 2002-2006
Exhibit 10-8: 2007, Percentage
of Adults Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by Age and Gender
Exhibit 10-9: 2006, Adults
Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by Age, Gender, and Ethnicity
11.
SKIN WOUNDS
11.1 Factors Affecting Wound Closure
11.1.1 Intrinsic Factors
11.1.1.1 Age and Chronic Illness
11.1.1.2, Body Composition
11.1.1.3 Nutritional Status
11.1.2 Extrinsic Factors
11.1.2.1 Ambient Temperature
11.1.2.2 Desiccation/Hydration
11.1.2.3 Infection
11.1.2.4 Maceration
11.1.2.5 Medications and Other
Treatment Modalities
11.1.2.6 Necrotic Tissue and Debris
11.1.2.7 Oxygen
11.1.2.8 Stress
11.1.2.9 Wound Creation and Depth
11.1.2.10 Wound Closure Techniques
11.1.2.11 Other Extrinsic Factors
11.1.3 Complications of Wound Healing
11.1.3.1 Scarring
11.1.3.2 Bleeding
11.2 Wound
Types
11.2.1 Illness-Related Wounds
11.2.1.1 Etiology
11.2.1.1.1 Arterial Ulcers
11.2.1.1.2 Diabetic Ulcers
11.2.1.1.3 Venous Ulcers
11.2.1.2 Epidemiology
11.2.2 Pressure Ulcers
11.2.2.1 Etiology
11.2.2.2 Epidemiology
11.2.3 Surgical Wounds
11.2.3.1 Etiology
11.2.3.2 Epidemiology
11.2.4 Traumatic Wounds
11.2.4.1 Etiology
11.2.4.1.1 Abrasions, Contusions,
and Lacerations
11.2.4.1.2 Amputations
11.2.4.1.3 Burns
11.2.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 11-1: Intrinsic and
Extrinsic Factors Affecting Wound Closure
Exhibit 11-2: Illness-Related
Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-3: Pressure Ulcers,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-4: Surgical Wounds,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-5: Lacerations and
Other Types of Traumatic Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-6: Amputations, Facts
and Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-7: Burns, Facts and
Figures, 1996-2005, and 2007
Exhibit 11-8: Classification of
Burns, by Mechanism of Injury