INTRODUCTION
1.
BLOOD DISORDERS
1.1
Anemia
1.1.1 Iron Deficiency Anemia
1.1.1.1 Etiology
1.1.1.2 Epidemiology
1.1.2 Sickle Cell Anemia
1.1.2.1 Etiology
1.1.2.2 Epidemiology
1.1.3 Thalassemia
1.1.3.1 Etiology
1.1.3.2 Epidemiology
1.2
Hemophilia
1.2.1 Etiology
1.2.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 1-1: Iron-Deficiency
Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 1-2: Sickle
Cell Anemia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 1-3: Thalassemia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 1-4: Hemophilia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009 and 2010
Exhibit 1-5: 2011,
Hemophilia, Selected Demographic Characteristics
2.
CANCER
2.1
Incidence and Prevalence
2.1.1 Mortality Rate
2.1.2 The Cost of Cancer
2.2
Cancer Types
2.2.1 Bladder Cancer
2.2.1.1 Etiology
2.2.1.2 Epidemiology
2.2.2 Breast Cancer
2.2.2.1 Etiology
2.2.2.2 Epidemiology
2.2.3 Bronchial/Lung Cancer
2.2.3.1 Etiology
2.2.3.2 Epidemiology
2.2.4 Cervical/Uterine Cancer
2.2.4.1 Etiology
2.2.4.2 Epidemiology
2.2.5 Colon/Rectal Cancer
2.2.5.1 Etiology
2.2.5.2 Epidemiology
2.2.6 Leukemia
2.2.6.1 Etiology
2.2.6.2 Epidemiology
2.2.7 Lymphoma
2.2.7.1 Etiology
2.2.7.2 Epidemiology
2.2.8 Nervous System Cancer
2.2.8.1 Etiology
2.2.8.2 Epidemiology
2.2.9 Oral Cancer
2.2.9.1 Etiology
2.2.9.2 Epidemiology
2.2.10 Ovarian Cancer
2.2.10.1 Etiology
2.2.10.2 Epidemiology
2.2.11 Pancreatic Cancer
2.2.11.1 Etiology
2.2.11.2 Epidemiology
2.2.12 Prostate Cancer
2.2.12.1 Etiology
2.2.12.2 Epidemiology
2.2.13 Skin Cancer
2.2.13.1 Etiology
2.2.13.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 2-1: 2010,
Cancer Incidence, by Anatomic Site
Exhibit 2-2: Hospital
Discharge Statistics for Selected Cancers, by Anatomic Site, 1996-2006
Exhibit 2-3: 2007,
Cancer Prevalence, by Anatomic Site and Gender
Exhibit 2-4: Bladder
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-5: Breast
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-6: Bronchial/Lung
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-7: Cervical
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-8: Uterine
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-9: Colon/Rectal Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-10: Leukemia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-11: 2010,
Leukemia Incidence, by Type and Gender
Exhibit 2-12: Non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-13: Hodgkin
Lymphoma, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-14: Nervous
System Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-15: Oral
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-16: Ovarian
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-17: Pancreatic
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-18: Prostate
Cancer, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
Exhibit 2-19: Melanoma,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2010
3.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES/DISORDERS
3.1
Atherosclerosis
3.1.1 Coronary Atherosclerosis
3.1.1.1 Etiology
3.1.1.2 Epidemiology
3.1.2 Peripheral Vascular Disease
3.1.2.1 Etiology
3.1.2.2 Epidemiology
3.2
Heart Failure
3.2.1 Etiology
3.2.2 Epidemiology
3.3
Hypercholesterolemia
3.3.1 Etiology
3.3.2 Epidemiology
3.4
Hypertension
3.4.1 Etiology
3.4.2 Epidemiology
3.5
Ischemic Heart Disease
3.5.1 Angina Pectoris
3.5.1.1 Etiology
3.5.1.2 Epidemiology
3.5.2 Myocardial Infarction
3.5.2.1 Etiology
3.5.2.2 Epidemiology
3.6
Pacing Disorders
3.6.1 Arrhythmia
3.6.1.1 Etiology
3.6.1.2 Epidemiology
3.6.2 Sudden Cardiac Death
3.6.2.1 Etiology
3.6.2.2 Epidemiology
3.7
Valvular Heart Disease
3.7.1 Etiology
3.7.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 3-1: Coronary
Atherosclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-2: Peripheral
Vascular Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-3: Heart
Failure, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-4: Hypercholesterolemia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-5: Hypertension,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-6: Angina
Pectoris, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-7: Myocardial
Infarction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-8: Arrhythmia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-9: Tachycardia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 3-10: 2009,
Sudden Cardiac Death, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 3-11: Valvular
Heart Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
4.
GASTRIC AND METABOLIC DISEASES/DISORDERS
4.1
Cholelithiasis
4.1.1 Etiology
4.1.2 Epidemiology
4.2
Chronic Kidney Disease
4.2.1 Etiology
4.2.2 Epidemiology
4.3
Diabetes
4.3.1 Etiology
4.3.2 Epidemiology
4.4
End-Stage Renal Disease
4.4.1 Etiology
4.4.2 Epidemiology
4.5
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
4.5.1 Etiology
4.5.2 Epidemiology
4.6
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
4.6.1 Etiology
4.6.2 Epidemiology
4.7
Obesity
4.7.1 Etiology
4.7.2 Epidemiology
4.8
Urolithiasis
4.8.1 Etiology
4.8.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 4-1: Cholelithiasis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-2: Chronic
Kidney Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-3: Diabetes,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2008 and 2009
Exhibit 4-4: 2009,
Diabetes Prevalence among Adults, by Age and Gender
Exhibit 4-5: End-Stage
Renal Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2008
Exhibit 4-6: Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-7: Irritable
Bowel Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-8: 2010,
Possible Causes for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Exhibit 4-9: 2010,
Body Mass Index Ranges for Adults
Exhibit 4-10: Obesity,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-11: Urolithiasis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 4-12: Selected
Predisposing Factors for Developing Kidney Stones
5.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES/DISORDERS
5.1
Arthritis
5.1.1 Osteoarthritis
5.1.1.1 Etiology
5.1.1.2 Epidemiology
5.1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis
5.1.2.1 Etiology
5.1.2.2 Epidemiology
5.2
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
5.2.1 Etiology
5.2.2 Epidemiology
5.3
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
5.3.1 Etiology
5.3.2 Epidemiology
5.4
Osteoporosis
5.4.1 Etiology
5.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 5-1: Prevalence
of Arthritis and Chronic Joint Symptoms in Patients Age 65 and Older in 5-Year
Intervals, 2005-2030
Exhibit 5-2: Osteoarthritis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 5-3: Rheumatoid
Arthritis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 5-4: Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2008 and 2009
Exhibit 5-5: Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome, Cases with Time Away from Work, 1994-2008
Exhibit 5-6: Duchenne
Muscular Dystrophy, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 5-7: 2005,
Incidence of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures, by Site
Exhibit 5-8: Osteoporosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
6.
NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES/DISORDERS
6.1
Alzheimer’s Disease
6.1.1 Etiology
6.1.2 Epidemiology
6.2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
6.2.1 Etiology
6.2.2 Epidemiology
6.3
Cerebrovascular Diseases/Disorders
6.3.1 Arteriovenous Malformation
6.3.1.1 Etiology
6.3.1.2 Epidemiology
6.3.2 Cerebral Aneurysm
6.3.2.1 Etiology
6.3.2.2 Epidemiology
6.3.3 Stroke
6.3.3.1 Etiology
6.3.3.2 Epidemiology
6.4
Epilepsy
6.4.1 Etiology
6.4.2 Epidemiology
6.5
Huntington’s Disease
6.5.1 Etiology
6.5.2 Epidemiology
6.6
Hydrocephalus
6.6.1 Etiology
6.6.2 Epidemiology
6.7
Multiple Sclerosis
6.7.1 Etiology
6.7.2 Epidemiology
6.8
Myasthenia Gravis
6.8.1 Etiology
6.8.2 Epidemiology
6.9
Parkinson’s Disease
6.9.1 Etiology
6.9.2 Epidemiology
6.10
Psychiatric Disorders
6.10.1 Attention Deficient Hyperactivity
Disorder
6.10.1.1 Etiology
6.10.1.2 Epidemiology
6.10.2 Bipolar Disorder
6.10.2.1 Etiology
6.10.2.2 Epidemiology
6.10.3 Depression
6.10.3.1 Etiology
6.10.3.2 Epidemiology
6.10.4 Schizophrenia
6.10.4.1 Etiology
6.10.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 6-1: Alzheimer’s
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2007 and 2010
Exhibit 6-2: Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-3: Arteriovenous
Malformation, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-4: Cerebral
Aneurysm, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-5: Stroke,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2007, 2009, and 2010
Exhibit 6-6: Epilepsy,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-7: 2009,
Huntington’s Disease, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 6-8: Hydrocephalus,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-9: Multiple
Sclerosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-10: Myasthenia
Gravis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-11: Parkinson’s
Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-12: 2009,
Percentage of Adults Experiencing Serious Psychologic Distress, by Age and
Gender
Exhibit 6-13: Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-14: Bipolar
Disorder, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-15: Depression,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 6-16: Schizophrenia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
7.
OPTHALMIC DISEASES/DISORDERS
7.1
Cataracts
7.1.1 Etiology
7.1.2 Epidemiology
7.2
Glaucoma
7.2.1 Etiology
7.2.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 7-1: 2007,
Economic Costs of Visual Disorders
Exhibit 7-2: Cataracts,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 7-3: 2009,
Cataracts, Prevalence, by Age
Exhibit 7-4: Glaucoma,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 7-5: 2009,
Glaucoma, Prevalence, by Age
8. REPRODUCTIVE AND
GENITOURINARY DISORDERS
8.1
Female Reproductive Disorders
8.1.1 Endometriosis
8.1.1.1 Etiology
8.1.1.2 Epidemiology
8.1.2 Infertility
8.1.2.1 Etiology
8.1.2.2 Epidemiology
8.2
Male Reproductive Disorders
8.2.1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
8.2.1.1 Etiology
8.2.1.2 Epidemiology
8.2.2 Erectile Dysfunction
8.2.2.1 Etiology
8.2.2.2 Epidemiology
8.2.3 Infertility
8.2.3.1 Etiology
8.2.3.2 Epidemiology
8.3
Urinary Incontinence
8.3.1 Etiology
8.3.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 8-1: Endometriosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 8-2: Female
Infertility, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 8-3: Benign
Prostatic Hyperplasia, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 8-4: Direct
Expenditures for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, by Site of Service, 1994, 1996,
1998, and 2000
Exhibit 8-5: Erectile
Dysfunction, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 8-6: 2009,
Male Infertility, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 8-7: Types
of Urinary Incontinence
Exhibit 8-8: Urinary
Incontinence, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
9.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES/DISORDERS
9.1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
9.1.1 Etiology
9.1.2 Epidemiology
9.2
Apnea
9.2.1 Sleep Apnea
9.2.1.1 Etiology
9.2.1.2 Epidemiology
9.2.2 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
9.2.2.1 Etiology
9.2.2.2 Epidemiology
9.3
Asthma
9.3.1 Etiology
9.3.2 Epidemiology
9.4
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
9.4.1 Chronic Bronchitis
9.4.1.1 Etiology
9.4.1.2 Epidemiology
9.4.2 Emphysema
9.4.2.1 Etiology
9.4.2.2 Epidemiology
9.5
Cystic Fibrosis
9.5.1 Etiology
9.5.2 Epidemiology
9.6
Infectious Diseases
9.6.1 Pneumonia
9.6.1.1 Etiology
9.6.1.2 Epidemiology
9.6.2 Tuberculosis
9.6.2.1 Etiology
9.6.2.2 Epidemiology
9.7
Pleural Disorders
9.7.1 Empyema
9.7.1.1 Etiology
9.7.1.2 Epidemiology
9.7.2
Pleural Effusion
9.7.2.1 Etiology
9.7.2.2 Epidemiology
9.7.3 Pneumothorax
9.7.3.1 Etiology
9.7.3.2 Epidemiology
9.8
Pulmonary Embolism
9.8.1 Etiology
9.8.2 Epidemiology
9.9
Respiratory Failure
9.9.1 Etiology
9.9.2 Epidemiology
9.10
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
9.10.1 Etiology
9.10.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 9-1: Adult
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-2: Sleep
Apnea, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-3: 2007,
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Facts and Figures
Exhibit 9-4: Asthma,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-5: 2009,
Prevalence of Asthma, by Age Group and Gender
Exhibit 9-6: 2009,
Prevalence of Asthma, by Age Group and Ethnicity
Exhibit 9-7: Chronic
Bronchitis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-8: Emphysema,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-9: Cystic
Fibrosis, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-10: Pneumonia,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-11: Tuberculosis,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-12: Tuberculosis
Cases in the United States, 1993-2009
Exhibit 9-13: 2009,
Tuberculosis Cases in the United States, by Ethnicity
Exhibit 9-14: Pleural
Disorders, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006
Exhibit 9-15: Pulmonary
Embolism, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-16: Respiratory
Failure, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 9-17: Restrictive
Pulmonary Disease, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
10.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
10.1.
Genital Herpes
10.1.1 Etiology
10.1.2 Epidemiology
10.2 Human
Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
10.2.1 Etiology
10.2.2 Disease Progression
10.2.3 Epidemiology
Exhibit 10-1: Genital
Herpes, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 10-2: Initial
Physician Visits for Genital Herpes, 1996-2008
Exhibit 10-3: Human
Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Facts and Figures,
1996-2006, and 2007 and 2008
Exhibit 10-4: 2008,
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Indicator/Opportunistic Diseases
Exhibit 10-5: Estimated
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cases, by Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and
Region, 2005-2008
Exhibit 10-6: Estimated
Number of People Living with an Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Diagnosis, by
Age, Ethnicity, Gender, and Region, 2005-2007
Exhibit 10-7: Estimated
Number of Deaths of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, by Age,
Ethnicity, Gender, and Region, 2005-2007
Exhibit 10-8: 2009,
Percentage of Adults Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by Age and Gender
Exhibit 10-9: 2009,
Adults Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by Age, Gender, and Ethnicity
11.
SKIN WOUNDS
11.1
Factors Affecting Wound Closure
11.1.1 Intrinsic Factors
11.1.1.1 Age and Chronic Illness
11.1.1.2 Body Composition
11.1.1.3 Nutritional Status
11.1.2 Extrinsic Factors
11.1.2.1 Ambient Temperature
11.1.2.2 Desiccation/Hydration
11.1.2.3 Infection
11.1.2.4 Maceration
11.1.2.5 Medications
and Other Treatment Modalities
11.1.2.6 Necrotic Tissue and Debris
11.1.2.7 Oxygen
11.1.2.8 Stress
11.1.2.9 Wound Creation and Depth
11.1.2.10 Wound Closure Techniques
11.1.2.11 Other Extrinsic Factors
11.1.3 Complications of Wound Healing
11.1.3.1 Scarring
11.1.3.2 Bleeding
11.2
Wound Types
11.2.1 Illness-Related Wounds
11.2.1.1 Etiology
11.2.1.1.1 Arterial Ulcers
11.2.1.1.2 Diabetic Ulcers
11.2.1.1.3 Venous Ulcers
11.2.1.2 Epidemiology
11.2.2 Pressure Ulcers
11.2.2.1 Etiology
11.2.2.2 Epidemiology
11.2.3 Surgical Wounds
11.2.3.1 Etiology
11.2.3.2 Epidemiology
11.2.4 Traumatic Wounds
11.2.4.1 Etiology
11.2.4.1.1 Abrasions,
Contusions, and Lacerations
11.2.4.1.2 Amputations
11.2.4.1.3 Burns
11.2.4.2 Epidemiology
Exhibit 11-1: Intrinsic
and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Wound Closure
Exhibit 11-2: Illness-Related
Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-3: Pressure
Ulcers, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-4: Stages
of Pressure Ulcers
Exhibit 11-5: Surgical
Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-6: Lacerations
and Other Types of Traumatic Wounds, Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-7: Amputations,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-8: Burns,
Facts and Figures, 1996-2006, and 2009
Exhibit 11-9: Classification
of Burns, by Mechanism of Injury
Exhibit 11-10: Stages
of Burn Wounds